Resumen
La concurrencia de características poderosas, negativas e impredecibles —guerra, pandemia y crisis climática— sumada a un severo declive en la capacidad del multilateralismo para enfrentar de manera efectiva tales cuestiones, puede calificarse como una “tormenta perfecta”. Estas crisis mundiales en curso constituyen el escenario más devastador para la humanidad desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial y seguramente tendrán enormes consecuencias a corto y largo plazo en las tendencias demográficas. Este documento revisa los principales aspectos de este dilema y ofrece una reflexión preliminar sobre sus vínculos más amplios con las políticas y dinámicas demográficas. La invasión rusa en Ucrania amplió el total de víctimas del conflicto en el mundo, provocó aumentos drásticos en los precios de los alimentos que afectarán más a los pobres del mundo e incitó una reorganización de los alineamientos geopolíticos que desestabiliza aún más el multilateralismo en varios frentes. La pandemia de Covid-19 no solo incrementó el número de muertes, sino que también tuvo un impacto en la fecundidad. El descubrimiento oportuno de vacunas efectivas redujo el desastre general, pero también reveló y fortaleció las políticas nacionalistas. La amenaza de las crisis climáticas planetarias para la vida existente es generalizada e indiscutible. El análisis de sus orígenes expone desigualdades dramáticas entre los grupos sociales, pero también revela los efectos de un modelo económico global que se transformó en ultraliberalismo. Las limitaciones del multilateralismo para hacer frente a estos problemas globales se ejemplifican aquí con respecto al tema de las crisis climáticas. Las discusiones ideológicamente corrompidas sobre los caminos a seguir sugieren que la tormenta global actual puede intensificarse antes de que la humanidad avance efectivamente hacia un futuro más sostenible y equitativo. La relevancia de las alternativas recurrentes sobre políticas de población se revisa en la sección final.
Citas
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